Identificación y caracterización molecular de cianobacterias tropicales de los géneros Nostoc, Calothrix, TolypothrixyScytonema (Nostocales: Nostocaceae), con posible potencial biotecnológico
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Date
2017-09-28Author
Corrales Morales, Mariela
Villalobos, Karolina
Rodríguez Rodríguez, Abad
Muñoz Simón, Nelson
Umaña Castro, Rodolfo
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Las cianobacterias son procariotas fotoautótrofos, morfológica
y molecularmente diversas, en las cuales se han reportado avances
biotecnológicos sobre fijación de nitrógeno, biorremediación y valor
nutricional-farmacéutico. La identificación tradicional de cianobacterias
basada en morfología puede ser imprecisa, por lo que las técnicas
moleculares son una herramienta robusta para el posicionamiento taxonómico
de estas cepas tropicales. Este estudio se enfoca en la identificación
morfológica y caracterización molecular de cianobacterias de
ambientes tropicales de Costa Rica, para perspectivas biotecnológicas
futuras. Las cepas fueron cultivadas en medio BG0-11, fotografiadas en
microscopio de luz y clasificadas a nivel de género. La identificación
molecular se llevó a cabo utilizando cebadores del gen ARN polimerasa
ADN-dependiente (rpoC1) y la subunidad pequeña ARN ribosomal
(16S ARNr). Seguidamente, se realizó un análisis de posicionamiento
filogenético mediante alineamiento múltiple con MAFFTv.7 y máxima-
verosimilitud con raxMLGUI. Basados en características fenotípicas,
se identificaron cuatro géneros de cianobacterias Nostocales: Calothrix
sp., Tolypothrix sp., Scytonema sp. y Nostoc sp. Los géneros identificados
son conocidos por su capacidad de fijación de nitrógeno y potencial
nutricional, farmacológico e industrial. Con una identificación
exitosa de cianobacterias de ambientes tropicales, es posible continuar
con más estudios de sus propiedades biotecnológicas y evaluar
su potencial, con perspectivas futuras de aplicación y conservación
de la biodiversidad. Identification and molecular characterization of tropical
cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc, Calothrix, Tolypothrix
and Scytonema (Nostocales: Nostocaceae), with possible biotechnological
potential. Cyanobacteria or “Blue-Green” algae comprise
a diverse cluster of prokaryotic photoautotrophs that share a high
morphological and molecular abundance. Biotechnological advances
on nitrogen fixation, bioremediation, pharmaceutical and nutritional
value have been developed. Traditional identification based on morphology
has been the most common applied technique, but it may be
inaccurate because of the phenotypic plasticity that those organisms
present. For this reason, molecular techniques had become robust
tools for taxonomic positioning of tropical cyanobacterial isolates,
associated with morphology identification. This study focuses on the
morphological identification and molecular characterization of cyanobacteria
isolated in different tropical environments of Costa Rica,
for biotechnological prospects. Strains were grown in BG0-11 media,
photographed under light microscope and classified at genera level.
Molecular identification was carried by PCR and sequencing using
DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (rpoC1) and small-subunit ribosomal
RNA (16S rRNA) gen primers. Subsequently, a phylogenetic positioning
analysis was performed by MAFFTv.7 alignment and maximum likelihood
by raxMLGUI. Based on phenotypic characteristics, four genera
of Nostocales were identified: Calothrix sp., Tolypothrix sp., Scytonema
sp. and Nostoc sp. Molecular analysis shows a taxonomic grouping that
is consistent with the observed morphology, with the 16S rDNA gene
yielding robust and stable results. The identified genera are known for
their nitrogen fixation capability: Nostoc and Calothrix have been used
in maintaining fertility and soil recovering studies. Nostoc is known
for its nutritional properties and biofuel production; a characteristic
shared by Tolypothrix as well. The last genera; Scytonema, it is known
for its pharmacological properties. With the successful identification of
cyanobacteria strains isolated from tropical environments, it is possible
to continue the study of genes responsible for properties of biotechnological
interest and to evaluate their potential, with future perspectives
of application and biodiversity conservation.
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